Carburetor construction



March 24, 1959 A, C, RUSSELL CARBURETOR CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Aug. 26, 1957 INVENTOR.

March 24, 1959 A. c.V RUSSELL v CARBURETOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug( 26,1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 KME INVENTOR.

United States Paten-t CARBURETOR CONSTRUCTION Andrew C. Russell,Shawnee, Okla.

Application August 26,-1957, Serial No. 680,109

2 Claims. (Cl. 261-13) This invention relates to fuel mixing apparatusfor internal combustion engines and, "more particularly, to a carburetoradapted to admix air and fuel, such as `gasoline, vaporize the latterand direct the admiXture tothe cyllinders of the engine, the primaryobject being to improve upon the carburetor construction disclosed in myprior related U.S. Patents Nos. 2,366,056, 2,506,812, A2,529,- 665,2,536,700, 2,614,581 and 2,715,020.

The carburetors disclosed in the above mentionedpatents are generally4of the type wherein a'fuel bowl is disposed within a hollow casing; anelongated,rtubular member having a mixing chamber therein is disposed ina position so that fuel may enter the chamber; anda metering pin locatedin the chamber cooperates with an air valve controlling fflow of airthrough the casing to control the fuel-air mixture being directed to theengine.

It has now been found that more eicient utilization of the fuel-airmixture can be made by providing a hollow carburetor casing having anair inlet, an outlet, and a passage therethrough connecting the inletand the outlet, the passage including a central updraft portionconnected to the air inlet anda downdraft portion surrounding theupdraft portion and connected to thel outlet, and wherein there isprovided meansy in surrounding relationship to a part of the downdraftportion of the passage for raising the temperature of the fuel-airmixture passing to the outlet therein.

It is, therefore, a further object of this invention to provide ahollow, liquid-receiving jacket in surrounding relationship to thecasingv and vin heat exchanging relationship to the fuel-air mixturekpassing through the wherein:

downdraft Vportion of the passage to vtheoutlet, so that v ahot liquidmay bepassed through the vjacket toheat the mixture being conveyedthroughthedowndraftportion ofthe passage. I l

Another important object of this invention is to provide acarburetor-having means .for raising the temperature of the fuel-airmixturepassing to the vengine is adapted to be mounted on aVconventional manifold which has an opening in the top,y thereof byvirtue of the fact that the carburetor casing isprovided-with adowndraft portion connected with the outlet thereof.

A further important object is -to provide a carburetor wherein a valveAclosing the passage is Adisposed in the updraft portion of the passageand wherein there is provided means extending upwardly from the fuel-airmixing chamber into the downdraft portion of the passage, so as todirect the mixture into that portion of the passage.

Another important object-hereof is to provide a carburetor having aliquid-receiving jacket around the casing to heat the fuel-air mixturepassing to the cylinder of the engine whiche-is adapted tobe connectedto the liquid cooling system oftheV vehicle' upon which the carburetoris mounted.

Other important objects of this invention will be made clear as thefollowing detailed description progresses,

h Figure ll is a substantially central,cross-sectionalview takenthroughV a carburetorhaving fuel-air mixture temperature raisingmeansaccordingto the concepts offrny invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical, cross-sectional view taken on the line II--IIofFig. l; and

Fig. 3 is a horizontal, cross-sectional `view taken on the lineIII--IIIk of ArFig. 2.

Reference may be had to 'my prior,above identified patents-for acompleteunderstanding ofthe basic principles of operationofacarburetor-'constructed inthe mannerl herein` shown.

-As in my aforementionedprior disclosures, there is provided a hollowcasing broadly designated by the numeral l10 :having an air-.inletopening 12 which normally is connected to an air filter, and a'n outlet14 which is adapted to be'connected to the-inletv'of an intake manifold(not shown) on an internal combustionengine. A continuous vpassage isprovided through casing 10 leading from inlet 12to outlet 14 and it canbe seen from the drawings that the passage includes an updraft portion16 which communicates'with'a downdraft portion 18 which, in turn,communicates with outlet 14. As shown'in Fig'.

1, flow of air through inlet 12'is*normally-'controlled by a lbutterllyvalve v20, whereas iiow tof fuel-air mixture through outlet 14 isgoverned by a buttery valve 22 adapted to be connected 'to -the throttlelinkage. l

Casing 10 includes a plurality of sections-24, 26 and 28 respectivelywhich are suitably secured together and itcan be seen that inlet12extends into casing10 betweentsections 24 and 26, and also a fuelinlet line 30 is'connected toa valve fitting 32`which also extends intocasing 10 at the point where fsection 24 meets section 26. A cup-shapedfuel bowl 34 is disposed within casing 10 preferably adjacent section'26 and is mounted upon and depends from the `wall 36 Awhich forms inlet12,` and from a boss 38 forming a part of section 24 into which fitting32 is suitably fthreaded. As shownin Fig. l, bowl 34 is adaptedto-receive fuel conveyed from line 30 into casing 10 through litting 32.A float 40 disposedin bowl 34 is connected by swingable linkage to a`valve42 reciprocably mountedin fitting 32 in a position to 'open andclose las the Vlevel of fuel-44 rises and lowers within bowl 34.

Connected to wall 36 and in communication therewith -is asubstantiallyvertical,circulariwll 46 which forms the updraft passage 16in casing 10. /A'n elongated, upright tubular member 48 is, providedwithin bowl 34 and isf secured to`wall 36. Member48 isl provided with apair of spaced, outturned'ilanges 50 =and'52 within bowl 34, the formerbeing in underlying engagement with the lowermost face of wall 36 vand isecured thereto by suitable means.

The normally uppermost end oftubular member 48, 'or that portion thereofwhich extends into section 24, is externally threaded as at 54 to'receive an internally threadedcollar 56. The'threads of collar 56 arein mesh with the threads 54 of member 48in a manner so that uponArotation of collar 56, the lowermost end thereof moves toward andawayfrom-the innermost face of wall 36.

`Member 48 is 'additionally provided with a longitudinal bore 58 whichhas `a constricted passage 60 therein intermediate` the ends of memberV48 and disposed in a position to be abovefthe level 4offuel 44 in bowl34. An elongated tube 62 extends into the uppermost end of bore 58 so asto ybe in communication therewith, and it can be seen that the uppermostend of tube 62 extends outwardly of updraft passage 16 into downdraftpassage 18 formed by the walls of section 24.

Reciprocably mounted in the lowermost end ofbore 58 is a taperedmetering pin 64, the side walls of which converge as the bottom of bowl34 is approached, and a plug 66 threaded into the lowermost end ofmember 48 slidably receives pin 64 and prevents displacement of the samefrom bore 58. The metering pin 64 substantially closes the bore 58 whenpin 64 rests on plug 66.

A pair of spaced, substantially parallel, elongated rods 68 extendthrough wall 36 and the anges 50 and 52 respectively and arereciprocable therein. It is to be noted that the uppermost ends of rods68 normally are in substantial alignment with the uppermost end ofmember 48, whereas the lowermost ends of rods 68 extend downwardly to apoint intermediate-between the bottom of bowl 34 and-the flanges-52. Aat plate 70 is secured to the lowermost ends of each of the rods 68 andspans the distance therebetween,` and it can be seen that plate 70 is ina position to engage the lowermost end of metering pin 64. Asubstantially annular valve 72 is mounted on the uppermost ends of rods68 in a position to normally rest in the valve seat provided by theuppermost, outwardly extending peripheral edge of collar 56 -and aninwardly extending shoulder 74 formed circumferentially on the innermostface of wall 46. Thus, it can be seen that when annular valve 72 restson the valve seat formed by the edge of collar 56 and shoulder 74, thepassage formed by walls 36 and 46 respectively is closed.

Collar 56 has an annular, cut away portion 76 in the lowermost endthereof which communicates with inlet 12 and a plurality of downwardlyand inwardly extending passages 78 intercommunicate cut away portion 76and bore 58.

Surrounding a substantial portion of section 24 of casing and integraltherewith is a fluid-receiving jacket 80, and an elliptical plate 82 isprovided on the uppermost end of casing 10 in closing relationship tothe casing and to jacket 80, elliptical plate 82 being secured to casing10 by suitable screw means 84. As shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, theside walls of casing 10 are preferably elliptical in configuration,whereas the bowl 34 and wall 46 preferably are substantially circular inhorizontal crosssection, thus providing a substantial passage forconveyance of the fuel-air mixture to the intake manifold of the engine.A pair of fittings 86 and 88, disposed in opposed relationship,communicate with jacket 80 and are adapted to be connected to a suitablesource of hot fluid such as the liquid normally circulating in thecooling system of the automobile upon which the carburetor is mounted.`

The operation of the carburetor is similar to that disclosedV in myabove mentioned U.S. Letters Patent and it can be ascertained thatbecause of the intercommunication of bore 58 with inlet 12, air passesinto bore 58 and forms a fuel-air mixture therewithim 'Asa greatervacuum is drawn on outlet' 14 by yvirtue of lincreasing the r.p.m.s ofthe engine, the vacuum abovel annular valve 72 causes the latter to moveupwardly and then the air entering inlet 12 and passing through thevalve seat for valve 72 and into passage 16 maintains the valve 72 in anopen position for as long as the vacuum is maintained on outlet 14suicient 'to cause the valve 72 to remain open. It can be seen thatl asthe valve 72 moves upwardly and remains in a substantially openposition, the plate 70 likewise moves the metering pin 64 upwardly inbore 58 so that a greater amount of fuel is allowed to enter mixing bore58 around metering pin 64. Also, as a greater amount of fuel is drawnupwardlythrough bore 58 by virtue of the fact that air is entering inlet1,2, passing through passages'78 and thence upwardly in bore 58 and tube62, and the level of fuel 44 in bowl 34 falls, oat 40 moves downwardlykto open valve 42 and permit more fuel to enter from supply line 30.More or less fuel is admitted to bore 58 and more or less air flowsthrough the passage 18 as the extent of suction by the intake manifoldvaries, since increased suction reduces the pressure above the valve 72and raises the same from its closed position.

Raising and lowering of the collar 56 with respect to tubular member 48provides adjustment of the amount of fuel-air mixture passing todowndraft passage 18 for idling purposes, and it is contemplated thatcollar 56 is to be preset at the time of construction and not be changedthereafter except during major overhaul of the carburetor.

By virtue of the provision of `hot water or liquid jacket surrounding apart of downdraft passage 18 formed by section 24, it can be seen thatthe fuel-air mixture emanating from the uppermost end of tube 62 and,also, the air passing from updraft passage 16, must pass in heatexchanging relationship to the hot liquid contained in jacket 80, andthe temperature of the fuelair mixture is thereby raised to materiallyincrease the operating efiiciency of the carburetor. Also, by virtue ofthe provision of updraft passage 16 and downdraft passage 18, thecarburetor may be mounted on a conventional intake manifold having anopening inthe uppermost face thereof and no additional accessoryattachments are necessary to adapt the carburetor for most automobilesor other vehicles. Furthermore, the construction herein shown is simpleto manufacture, the component parts thereof are not liable to frequentbreakdown, the entire carburetor may be quickly disassembledand'repaired or cleaned, and the advantageous formation of the fuel-airmixture accomplishedby this type of carburetor and which has beendisclosed in my prior patents is maintained.

Having thus described the-invention what is claimed as new and desiredto be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In a carburetor, an upright, hollow casing provided with an air inletin the upper portion thereof, an outlet in the lower portion thereof,and a passage therethrough including an updraft vportion connected tosaid air inlet and a downdraft portion surrounding said updraft portionand connected with said outlet; a valve seat in said updraft portion ofthe passage; a valve reciprocably mounted in said updraft portion of thepassage and movable to and from a position closing the passage; a fuelbowl within the casing below the valve; a tubular member having anupright mixing chamber therein, the lowermost end of the chamber beingdisposed to receive fuel from the bowl, there being meansintercommunicating the air inlet and said chamber, the uppermost end ofthe chamber being positioned to direct fuel-air mixture into thedowndraft portionl of the passage; a fuel metering pin reciprocablymounted in the lowermost end of said chamber and extending into thebowl; shiftable means interconnecting said valve and the pin for movingthe pin to a position allowing more fuel to enter the chamber uponreciprocation of the valve away from said seat; a hot fluid jacketintegral with the casing and disposed in surrounding, heat exchangingrelationship to a part of said downdraft portion of the passage.

2. A carburetor as set forth in claim 1 wherein said jacket has an inletand an outlet adapted to be connected `to the uid cooling system of thevehicle upon which the carburetor is mounted.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS RussellNov. 14, 1950

